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Caring for Your Baby and Young Child, 6th Edition: Birth to Age 5
960Overview
All parents want to provide the very best care for their children. This essential resource from the most respected organization on child health is the one guide pediatricians routinely recommend and parents can safely trust, covering everything from preparing for childbirth to toilet training to nurturing your child’s self-esteem. Whether it’s resolving common childhood health problems or detailed instructions for coping with emergency medical situations, this new and revised edition of Caring for Your Baby and Young Child has everything you need:
• a review of necessary basic care from infancy through age five
• milestones for physical, emotional, social, and cognitive growth, including red flags for preventing obesity
• a complete health encyclopedia covering injuries, illnesses, congenital diseases, and other disabilities
• guidelines for prenatal and newborn care, with spotlights on maternal nutrition, exercise, and screening tests during pregnancy
• an in-depth discussion of breastfeeding, including its benefits, techniques, and challenges, as well as nutritional needs and vitamin/iron supplementation
• updated safety standards: the very latest AAP recommendations, from CPR instruction and immunizations to childproofing tips and product and toy safety
• tips for choosing child care programs and car safety seats
• ways to reduce your child’s exposure to environmental hazards, such as air pollution and secondhand smoke
• the latest reports on cutting-edge research into early brain development
• updated content dedicated to sleep and allergies (including food allergies)
• new chapter on the effects of media and technology exposure on children
• special messages for grandparents and stepfamilies
• and much more
Product Details
| ISBN-13: | 9780553393828 |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | Random House Publishing Group |
| Publication date: | 11/04/2014 |
| Edition description: | New |
| Pages: | 960 |
| Sales rank: | 254,627 |
| Product dimensions: | 7.30(w) x 9.10(h) x 2.00(d) |
About the Author
Steven P. Shelov, MD, FAAP, is a professor of pediatrics at Stony Brook Medicine and associate dean of undergraduate medical education at the Winthrop University Hospital Regional Campus of Stony Brook. He received his M.D. from the Medical College of Wisconsin and his master’s in administrative medicine from the University of Wisconsin. After completing his residency in pediatrics at Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Dr. Shelov became Pediatric Program Director there, and for more than seventeen years was professor of pediatrics, director of pediatric education, and vice chairman of pediatrics. He then went on to become chairman of pediatrics and creator of the Maimonides Infants and Children’s Hospital of Brooklyn. Author of more than one hundred original publications and fifteen books, he has been the founding editor-in-chief of the American Academy of Pediatrics guide for parents, Caring for Your Baby and Young Child: Birth to Age 5 since its first edition in 1991.
Dr. Tanya Altmann is a UCLA-trained pediatrician who practices in Southern California. As a spokesperson for the American Academy of Pediatrics, she is frequently called upon by local and national news and talk shows to communicate complicated medical issues into easily understood concepts. She stays on the cutting edge through her position as assistant clinical professor at Mattel Children’s Hospital at UCLA, as chief medical advisor for the Newborn Channel, and her private practice. Her book Mommy Calls: Dr. Tanya Answers Parents’ Top 101 Questions About Babies and Toddlers, hit several bestsellers’ lists after its release. She is also editor-in-chief of the American Academy of Pediatrics’ parenting book The Wonder Years and associate medical editor of their bestselling Caring for Your Baby and Young Child: Birth to Age 5.
Read an Excerpt
Caring for Your Baby and Young Child
Birth to Age 5
By Steven P. Shelov, Tanya Remer Altmann
American Academy of Pediatrics
Copyright © 2014 American Academy of PediatricsAll rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-0-553-39382-8
CHAPTER 1
Preparing for a New Baby
PREGNANCY IS A TIME of anticipation, excitement, preparation, and, for many new parents, uncertainty. You dream of a baby who will be strong, healthy, and bright — and you make plans to provide her with everything she needs to grow and thrive. You probably also have fears and questions, especially if this is your first child, or if there have been problems with this or a previous pregnancy. What if something goes wrong during the course of your pregnancy, or what if labor and delivery are difficult? What if being a parent isn't everything you've always dreamed it would be? These are perfectly normal feelings and fears to have. Fortunately, most of these worries are needless. The nine months of pregnancy will give you time to have your questions answered, calm your fears, and prepare yourself for the realities of parenthood.
Some of your initial concerns may have been raised and addressed if you had difficulty becoming pregnant, particularly if you sought treatment for an infertility problem. But now that you're pregnant, preparations for your new baby can begin. The best way to help your baby develop is to take good care of yourself, since medical attention and good nutrition will directly benefit your baby's health. Getting plenty of rest and exercising moderately will help you feel better and ease the physical stresses of pregnancy. Talk to your physician about prenatal vitamins, and avoid smoking, alcohol, and eating fish containing high levels of mercury.
As pregnancy progresses, you're confronted with a long list of related decisions, from planning for the delivery to decorating the nursery. You probably have made many of these decisions already. Perhaps you've postponed some others because your baby doesn't yet seem "real" to you. However, the more actively you prepare for your baby's arrival, the more real that child will seem, and the faster your pregnancy will appear to pass.
Eventually it may seem as if your entire life revolves around this baby-to-be. This increasing preoccupation is perfectly normal and healthy and actually may help prepare you emotionally for the challenge of parenthood. After all, you'll be making decisions about your child for the next two decades — at least! Now is a perfect time to start.
Here are some guidelines to help you with the most important of these preparations.
Giving Your Baby a Healthy Start
Virtually everything you consume or inhale while pregnant will be passed through to the fetus. This process begins as soon as you conceive. In fact, the embryo is most vulnerable during the first two months, when the major body parts (arms, legs, hands, feet, liver, heart, genitalia, eyes, and brain) are just starting to form. Chemical substances such as those in cigarettes, alcohol, illegal drugs, and certain medications can interfere with the developmental process and with later development, and some can even cause congenital abnormalities.
Take smoking, for instance. If you smoke cigarettes during pregnancy, your baby's birth weight may be significantly decreased. Even inhaling smoke from the cigarettes of others (passive smoking) can affect your baby. Stay away from smoking areas and ask smokers not to light up around you. If you smoked before you got pregnant and still do, this is the time to stop — not just until you give birth, but forever. Children who grow up in a home where a parent smokes have more ear infections and more respiratory problems during infancy and early childhood. They also have been shown to be more likely to smoke when they grow up.
There's just as much concern about alcohol consumption. Alcohol intake during pregnancy increases the risk for a condition called fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), which is responsible for birth defects and below-average intelligence. A baby with fetal alcohol syndrome may have heart defects, malformed limbs (e.g., clubfoot), a curved spine, a small head, abnormal facial characteristics, small body size, and low birth weight. Fetal alcohol syndrome is also the leading cause of intellectual disability in newborns. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy increases the likelihood of a miscarriage or preterm delivery, as well.
There is evidence that the more alcohol you drink during pregnancy, the greater the risk to the fetus. It is safest not to drink any alcoholic beverages during pregnancy.
You also should avoid all medications and supplements except those your physician has specifically recommended for use during pregnancy. This includes not only prescription drugs that you may have already been taking, but also nonprescription or over-the-counter products such as aspirin, cold medications, and antihistamines. Even vitamins can be dangerous if taken in high doses. (For example, excessive amounts of vitamin A have been known to cause congenital [existing from birth] abnormalities.) Consult with your physician before taking drugs or supplements of any kind during pregnancy, even those labeled "natural."
Fish and shellfish contain high-quality protein and other essential nutrients, are low in saturated fat, and contain fatty acids called omega-3s. They can be an essential part of a balanced diet for pregnant women.
At the same time, you should be aware of the possible health risks from eating fish while you're pregnant. You should avoid raw fish during pregnancy because it may contain parasites such as flukes or worms. Cooking and freezing are the most effective ways to kill the parasite larvae found in fish. For safety reasons, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends cooking fish at 140 degrees Fahrenheit (60 degrees Celsius). The fish should appear opaque and flaky when done. Certain types of cooked sushi such as eel and California rolls are safe to eat when pregnant.
The most worrisome contaminant in both freshwater and ocean fish is mercury (or more specifically, a form of mercury called methyl mercury). Mercury in a pregnant woman's diet has been shown to be damaging to the development of the brain and nervous system of the fetus. The FDA advises pregnant women, women who may become pregnant, nursing mothers, and young children to avoid eating shark, swordfish, king mackerel, and title fish due to high levels of mercury in these fish. According to the FDA, pregnant women can safely eat an average of 12 ounces (two average meals) of other types of cooked fish each week. Five of the most commonly eaten fish that are low in mercury are shrimp, canned light tuna, salmon, pollock, and catfish. Albacore tuna tends to be high in mercury, so canned chunk light tuna is a better choice. If local health agencies have not issued any advisories about the safety of fish caught in your area, you can eat up to 6 ounces (one average meal) per week of fish you catch from local waters, but don't consume any other fish during that week.
While no adverse effects from minimal caffeine intake (one cup of caffein- ated coffee per day) have yet been proven, you may want to limit or avoid caffeine when you are pregnant. Remember, caffeine is also found in many soft drinks and foods such as chocolate.
Another cause of congenital abnormalities is illness during pregnancy. You should take precautions against these dangerous diseases:
German measles (rubella) can cause intellectual disability, heart abnormalities, cataracts, and deafness, with the highest risk of these problems occurring in the first twenty weeks of pregnancy. Fortunately, this illness now can be prevented by immunization, although you must not get immunized against rubella during pregnancy. If you're not sure whether you're immune, ask your obstetrician to order a blood test for you. In the unlikely event that the test shows you're not immune, you must do your best to avoid sick children, especially during the first three months of your pregnancy. It is then recommended that you receive this immunization after giving birth to prevent this same concern in the future.
Chickenpox is particularly dangerous if contracted shortly before delivery. If you have not already had chickenpox, avoid anyone with the disease or anyone recently exposed to the disease. You also should receive the preventive vaccine when you are not pregnant.
Herpes is an infection that newborns can get at the time of birth. Most often, it occurs as the infant moves through the birth canal of a mother infected with genital herpes. Babies who get a herpes viral infection may develop fluid-filled blisters on the skin that can break and then crust over. A more serious form of the disease can progress into a severe and potentially fatal inflammation of the brain called encephalitis. When a herpes infection occurs, it is often treated with an antiviral medication called acyclovir. For the last month of pregnancy, your doctor may advise taking a recommended dose of acyclovir or valacyclovir to reduce the risk of an outbreak close to the time of delivery. If you have an outbreak or feel symptoms of one coming on during your delivery time, a Cesarean section (or C-section) may be recommended to decrease the risk of exposure to the baby.
Toxoplasmosis may be a danger for cat owners. This illness is caused by a parasitic infection common in cats, but much more often it is found in uncooked meat and fish. Take care that meat is cooked thoroughly prior to consumption, and avoid tasting meat (even while seasoning) before cooking. Wash all cutting boards and knives thoroughly with hot soapy water after each use. Wash and/or peel all fruits and vegetables before eating them. When it comes to infected animals, outdoor cats are far more likely to contract toxoplasmosis. These cats excrete a form of the toxoplasmosis parasite in their stools, and people who come in contact with the infected stools could become infected themselves. To guard against this disease, have someone who is healthy and not pregnant change your cat's litter box daily; if this is not possible, wear gloves and clean the litter box every day. Wash your hands well with soap and water afterward. Also, wash your hands with soap and water after any exposure to soil, sand, raw meat, or unwashed vegetables. There have been no documented cases of animal-transmitted toxoplasmosis in the US in recent years.
Getting the Best Prenatal Care
Throughout your pregnancy, you should work closely with your obstetrician to make sure that you stay as healthy as possible. Regular doctor's visits up until the birth of your baby can significantly improve your likelihood of having a healthy newborn. During each doctor's visit, you will be weighed, your blood pressure will be checked, and the size of your uterus will be estimated to evaluate the size of your growing fetus.
Here are some areas that deserve attention during your pregnancy.
Nutrition
Follow your obstetrician's advice regarding your use of prenatal vitamins. As mentioned, you should take vitamins only in the doses recommended by your doctor. Perhaps more than any other single vitamin, make sure you have an adequate intake (generally, 400 meg a day) of folic acid, a B vitamin that can reduce the risk of certain birth defects, such as spina bifida. Your obstetrician may recommend a daily prenatal vitamin pill, which includes not only folic acid and other vitamins, but also iron, calcium, and other minerals, and the fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA). Fatty acids are "good" fats, and DHA in particular accumulates in the brain and eyes of the fetus, especially during the last trimester of pregnancy. These fatty acids are also found in the fat of human breast milk. Make sure your doctor knows about any other supplements you may be taking, including herbal remedies.
Eating for Two
When it comes to your diet, do some planning to ensure that you're consuming balanced meals. Make sure that they contain protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals. This is no time for fad or low-calorie dieting. In fact, as a general rule, you need to consume about 300 more calories per day than you did before you became pregnant. You need these extra calories and nutrients so your baby can grow normally.
Exercise
Physical activity is just as important when you're pregnant as at any other time of life. Discuss a fitness program with your doctor, including fitness DVDs or videotapes that you've found of interest. Particularly if you haven't been exercising regularly, your doctor may suggest a moderate walking or swimming regimen, or perhaps prenatal yoga or Pilates classes. Don't overdo it. Take it particularly slowly during the first few workouts — even just five to ten minutes a day is beneficial and a good place to start. Drink plenty of water while working out, and avoid activity with jumping or jarring movements.
Tests During Pregnancy
Whether your pregnancy is progressing normally or concerns are present, your obstetrician may recommend some of the following tests.
* An ultrasound exam is a safe procedure and one of the most common tests given to pregnant women. It monitors your fetus's growth and the well-being of his internal organs by taking sonograms (images made from sound waves) of him. It can ensure that your baby is developing normally and will help determine any problems or fetal abnormality. It also can be used close to the time of delivery if your doctor suspects that your baby is in the breech position. Although most babies are in a head- down position in the uterus at the time of delivery, breech babies are positioned so that their buttocks or feet will move first through the birth canal, before the baby's head. Because of the risk of head entrapment, breech deliveries are not advised in "first world" countries like the US except in very rare circumstances. Even when a new mother is fully dilated, if the baby is found to be breech, the recently revised recommendations are to always perform a C-section. (For further discussion of breech babies and Cesarean births, see Delivery by Cesarean Section in Chapter 2, pages 46-48.)
* A nonstress test electronically monitors the fetus's heart rate and movements. In this test, a belt is positioned around your abdomen. It is called a "nonstress" test because medications are not used to stimulate movement in your unborn baby or trigger contractions of the uterus.
* A contraction stress test is another means of checking the fetus's heart rate, but in this case it is measured and recorded in response to mild contractions of the uterus that are induced during the test. For example, an infusion of the hormone oxytocin may be used to cause these contractions. By monitoring your baby's heart rate during the contractions, your doctor may be able to determine how your baby will react to contractions during the actual delivery; if your baby is not responding favorably during these contractions, the delivery of your baby (perhaps by Cesarean section) might be scheduled prior to your due date.
* A biophysical profile uses both a nonstress test and an ultrasound. It evaluates the movement and breathing of the unborn baby, as well as the volume of amniotic fluid. Scores are given for each component of the profile, and the collective score will help determine whether there is a need for an early delivery.
Other tests may be recommended, depending on your own physical health and personal and family history. For example, particularly for women with a family history of genetic problems or for those who are age thirty-five or older, your obstetrician may advise tests that can detect genetic disorders. The most common genetic tests are amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling, which are described in the box Detecting Genetic Abnormalities below.
Many states have standard programs to screen for chromosomal abnormalities (such as Down syndrome) and other birth defects.
(Continues...)
Excerpted from Caring for Your Baby and Young Child by Steven P. Shelov, Tanya Remer Altmann. Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Pediatrics. Excerpted by permission of American Academy of Pediatrics, a division of Random House, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
Excerpts are provided by Dial-A-Book Inc. solely for the personal use of visitors to this web site.
Table of Contents
Foreword xxi
Introduction: The Gifts of Parenthood xxiii
Your Child's Gifts to You xxiv
The Gifts You Give Your Child xxv
How to Make Giving a Part of Your Daily Family Life xxviii
Part 1
1 Preparing for a New Baby 3
Giving Your Baby a Healthy Start 4
Getting the Best Prenatal Care 9
Nutrition 10
Eating for Two 10
Exercise 10
Tests During Pregnancy 11
Preparing for Delivery 14
Choosing a Pediatrician 17
A Pediatrician's Training 18
Finding a Pediatrician 19
Issues to Discuss with Your Pediatrician 22
When Should the Baby Leave the Hospital? 24
Should the Baby Be Circumcised? 24
The Importance of Breastfeeding 25
Should I Store My Newborn's Cord Blood? 27
Preparing Your Home and Family for the Baby's Arrival 28
Choosing Baby Clothing and Accessories 28
Buying Furniture and Baby Equipment 29
Preparing Your Other Children for the Baby's Arrival 34
Finally-Delivery Day! 38
2 Birth and the First Moments After 43
First Moments After 43
Routine Vaginal Delivery 44
Delivery by Cesarean Section 46
Delivery Room Procedures Following a Normal Vaginal Birth 48
Leaving the Delivery Area 51
If Your Baby Is Premature 52
Reflecting on Your Baby's Arrival 56
3 Basic infant Care 57
Day to Day 58
Responding to Your Baby's Cries 58
Helping Your Baby Sleep 61
Positioning for Sleep 61
Diapers 63
Urination 67
Bowel Movements 67
Bathing 69
Skin and Nail Care 72
Clothing 75
Your Baby's Basic Health Care 78
Taking a Rectal Temperature 78
Visiting the Pediatrician 79
Immunizations 81
4 Feeding Your Baby 83
Breastfeeding 85
Getting Started: Preparing for Lactation 88
Letting Down and Latching On 89
When Your Milk Supply Increases 96
How Often and How Long? 100
What About Bottles? 104
Milk Expression and Storage 105
Possible Nursing Concerns and Questions 109
Bottle-Feeding 115
Why Formula Instead of Cow's Milk? 116
Choosing a Formula 116
Preparing, Sterilizing, and Storing Formula 119
The Feeding Process 122
Amount and Schedule of Formula Feedings 124
Supplementation for Breastfed and Bottle-Fed Infants 125
Vitamin Supplements 125
Iron Supplements 126
Water and Juice 126
Fluoride Supplements 127
Burping, Hiccups, and Spitting Up 128
Burping 128
Hiccups 128
Spitting Up 128
5 Your Baby's First Days 133
Your Newborn's First Days 134
How Your Newborn Looks 134
Your Baby's Birth Weight and Measurements 140
How Your Newborn Behaves 142
Going Home 143
Parenting Issues 144
Mother's Feelings 144
Father's Feelings 148
Sibling's Feelings 149
Health Watch 150
Your Newborn's First Physical Exams 155
6 The First Month 157
Growth and Development 157
Physical Appearance and Growth 157
Reflexes 159
States of Consciousness 165
Crying and Colic 166
The First Smile 169
Movement 169
Vision 171
Hearing 173
Smell and Touch 174
Temperament 174
Basic Care 176
Feeding and Nutrition 176
Carrying Your Baby 180
Pacifiers 180
Going Outside 182
Finding Help at Home 183
Traveling with Your Baby 185
The Family 186
A Special Message to Mothers 186
A Special Message to Fathers 187
A Special Message to Grandparents 189
Health Watch 192
Safety Check 198
Gar Safety Seats 198
Bathing 198
Changing Table 199
Suffocation Prevention 199
Fire and Burn Prevention 199
Supervision 200
Necklaces and Cords 200
Jiggling 200
7 Age One Month Through Three Months 201
Growth and Development 202
Physical Appearance and Growth 202
Movement 203
Vision 206
Hearing and Making Sounds 208
Emotional and Social Development 210
Basic Care 215
Feeding 215
Sleeping 216
Siblings 217
Health Watch 219
Immunization Update 224
Safety Check 225
Falls 225
Burns 225
Choking 225
8 Age Four Months Through Seven Months 227
Growth and Development 229
Physical Appearance and Growth 229
Movement 229
Vision 233
Language Development 235
Cognitive Development 236
Emotional Development 238
Basic Care 241
Introducing Solid Foods 241
Dietary Supplements 244
Sleeping 245
Teething 246
Swings and Playpens 246
Behavior 248
Discipline 248
Siblings 252
Health Watch 253
Immunization Update 255
Safety Check 256
Car Safety Seats 256
Drowning 256
Falls 257
Burns 257
Choking 257
9 Age Eight Months Through Twelve Months 259
Growth and Development 260
Physical Appearance and Growth 260
Movement 261
Hand and Finger Skills 266
Language Development 267
Cognitive Development 270
Brain Development 272
Emotional Development 274
Basic Care 280
Feeding 280
Weaning from Breast to Bottle 284
Weaning to a Cup 285
Sleeping 287
Behavior 288
Discipline 288
Siblings 290
Grandparents 291
Immunization Update 292
Safety Check 293
Car Safety Seats 293
Falls 293
Burns 294
Drowning 294
Poisoning and Choking 294
10 Your One-Year-Old 295
Growth and Development 296
Physical Appearance and Growth 296
Movement 297
Hand and Finger Skills 299
Language Development 300
Cognitive Development 302
Social Development 304
Emotional Development 307
Basic Care 309
Feeding and Nutrition 309
Getting Ready for Toilet Training 321
Sleeping 322
Behavior 323
Discipline 323
Coping with Temper Tantrums 326
Family Relationships 330
Immunization Update 331
Safety Check 332
Sleeping Safety 332
Toy Safety 332
Water Safety 334
Auto Safety 334
Home Safety 335
Outdoor Safety 335
11 Your Two-Year-Old 337
Growth and Development 338
Physical Appearance and Growth 338
Movement 339
Hand and Finger Skills 341
Language Development 342
Cognitive Development 343
Social Development 345
Emotional Development 349
Basic Care 352
Feeding and Nutrition 352
Teething and Dental Hygiene 354
Toilet Training 356
Sleeping 359
Discipline 364
Family Relationships 365
A New Baby 365
Hero Worship 367
Visit to the Pediatrician 370
Immunization Update 370
Safety Check 371
Falls 371
Barns 371
Poisoning 371
Car Safety 372
12 Your Three-Year-Old 373
Growth and Development 374
Physical Appearance and Growth 374
Movement 375
Hand and Finger Skills 377
Language Development 379
Cognitive Development 382
Social Development 384
Emotional Development 387
Basic Care 389
Feeding and Nutrition 389
Beyond Toilet Training 390
Bed-Wetting 392
Sleeping 393
Discipline 394
Preparing for School 395
Traveling with Your Preschooler 398
Visit to the Pediatrician 399
Immunization Update 400
Safety Check 401
Falls 401
Burns 401
Car Safety 401
Drowning 402
13 Your Four- and Five-Year-Old 403
Development 404
Movement 404
Hand and Finger Skills 405
Language Development 406
Cognitive Development 409
Social Development 410
Emotional Development 412
Basic Care 415
Healthy Lifestyle 415
Feeding and Nutrition 418
Sleeping 421
Discipline 424
Preparing for Kindergarten 425
Visit to the Pediatrician 429
Safety Check 429
Traveling with Your Child 430
14 Early Education and Child Care 435
What to Look for in a Care Provider: Guidelines for the Toddler and Preschool Child 436
Choices in Care 438
In-Home Care/Nanny 439
Family Child Care 442
Child Care Centers 445
Making a Final Selection 447
Building a Relationship with Your Child's Care Providers 452
Resolving Conflicts 455
What to Do When Your Child Is Sick 456
Controlling Infectious Diseases 458
Colds and Flu 459
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Parvovirus Infection 459
Diarrheal Diseases 460
Eye and Skin Infections 460
Head Lice 460
Hepatitis A Virus 461
Hepatitis B Virus 461
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/AIDS 461
Ringworm 462
Preventing Injuries and Promoting Car Safety 462
Care for Children with Special Needs 464
15 Keeping Your Child Safe 471
Why Children Get Injured 472
Safety Inside Your Home 475
Room to Room 475
Nursery 475
Kitchen 479
Bathroom 480
Garage and Basement 481
All Rooms 482
Baby Equipment 485
High Chairs 485
Infant Seats 486
Playpens 487
Walkers 488
Pacifiers 488
Toy Boxes and Toy Chests 489
Toys 489
Safety Outside the Home 491
Car Safety Seats 491
Choosing a Car Safety Seat 492
Types of Car Safety Seats 494
Installing a Car Safety Seat 495
Using the Car Safety Seat 497
Air Bag Safety 499
Kids Around Cars 501
Baby Carriers-Backpacks, Front Packs, and Slings 502
Strollers 503
Shopping Cart Safety 504
Bicycles and Tricycles 505
Playgrounds 506
Your Backyard 508
Water Safety 509
Safety Around Animals 512
In the Community and Neighborhood 513
Part 2
16 Abdominal/Gastrointestinal Tract 521
Abdominal Pain 521
Abdominal Pain in Infants 522
Abdominal Pain in Older Children 523
Appendicitis 525
Celiac Disease 526
Constipation 528
Diarrhea 530
Food Poisoning and Food Contamination 537
Hepatitis 542
Inguinal Hernia 545
Communicating Hydrocele 546
Malabsorption 547
Reye Syndrome 549
Vomiting 549
17 Allergies 553
Asthma 553
Eczema 560
Food Allergy 562
Milk Allergy 566
Hay Fever/Nasal Allergy 567
Hives 570
Insect Bites and Stings 571
18 Behavior 575
Anger, Aggression, and Biting 575
Coping with Disasters and Terrorism 580
If a Loved One Dies 582
Hyperactivity and the Distractible Child 583
Temper Tantrums 587
Thumb and Finger Sucking 591
Tics 592
19 Chest and lungs 595
Bronchiolitis 595
Cough 598
Croup 600
Flu/Influenza 602
Pneumonia 605
Tuberculosis 607
Whooping Cough (Pertussis) 609
20 Chronic Conditions and Diseases 613
Coping with Chronic (Long-Term) Health Problems 613
Anemia 621
Sickle Cell Disease 623
Cystic Fibrosis 626
Diabetes Mellitus 627
HIV Infection and AIDS 630
21 Developmental Disabilities 635
Autism Spectrum Disorder 636
Cerebral Palsy 642
Associated Problems 644
Congenital Abnormalities 646
When Your Child Has a Congenital Disorder 647
Congenital Conditions 647
Hearing Loss 652
Intellectual Disability 656
22 Ears, Nose, and Throat 659
Colds/Upper Respiratory Infection 659
Middle Ear Infections 662
Sinusitis 668
Epiglottitis 669
Herpes Simplex 670
Nosebleeds 671
Sore Throat (Strep Throat, Tonsillitis) 673
Tonsils and Adenoid 675
Swimmer's Ear (External Otitis) 677
Swollen Glands 680
23 Emergencies 683
Bites 686
Burns 688
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Mouth-to-Mouth Resuscitation 691
Choking 691
Cuts and Scrapes 692
Drowning 696
Electric Shock 697
Fingertip Injuries 698
Fractures/Broken Bones 699
Head injury/Concussion 702
Poisoning 703
24 Environmental Health 709
Air Pollution and Secondhand Smoke 709
Asbestos 711
Carbon Monoxide 712
Contaminated Fish 712
Drinking Water 713
Lead Poisoning 716
Pesticides/Herbicides 720
Radon 722
25 Eyes 723
Amblyopia 726
Cataracts 727
Eye Infections 728
Eye Injuries 728
Eyelid Problems 730
Glaucoma 731
Strabismus 732
Tear (or Lacrimal) Production Problems 733
Vision Difficulties Requiring Corrective Lenses 734
26 Family Issues 737
Adoption 737
Child Abuse and Neglect 739
Divorce 743
Grief Reactions 748
Sibling Rivalry 751
Single-Parent Families 754
Stepfamilies 756
Multiples 758
27 Fever 763
28 Genital and Urinary Systems 771
Blood in the Urine (Hematuria) 771
Proteinuria 772
Circumcision 773
Hypospadias 774
Meatal Stenosis 774
Labial Adhesions 775
Undescended Testicles (Cryptorchidism) 776
Urethral Valves 777
Urinary Tract Infections 778
Wetting Problems or Enuresis 780
29 Head, Neck, and Nervous System 785
Meningitis 785
Motion Sickness 788
Mumps 789
Seizures, Convulsions, and Epilepsy 790
Head Tilt (Torticollis) 792
30 Heart 796
Arrhythmias 796
Heart Murmur 797
Hypertension/High Blood Pressure 799
Kawasaki Disease 802
31 Immunizations 805
Important and Safe 806
What Shots Does Your Child Need? 808
32 Media 813
Early Years 813
Ages Two and Three 814
Ages Four and Five 816
Guidelines for Media Use 817
A Message to Parents 818
33 Musculoskeletal Problems 819
Arthritis 819
Bowlegs and Knock-Knees 823
Elbow Injuries 824
Flat Feet/Fallen Arches 825
Limp 826
Pigeon Toes (Intoeing) 828
Sprains 829
34 Skin 831
Birthmarks and Hemangiomas 831
Chickenpox 834
Cradle Cap and Seborrheic Dermatitis 836
Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectiosum) 837
Hair Loss (Alopecia) 838
Head Lice 839
Impetigo 841
Measles 841
MRSA Infections 843
Pinworms 844
Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, and Poison Sumac 845
Ringworm 846
Roseola Infantum 847
Rubella (German Measles) 848
Scabies 849
Scarlet Fever 851
Sunburn 851
Warts 853
West Nile Virus 854
35 Your Child's Sleep 857
Getting Sleep in Sync 859
Sleep Routines and Dealing with Crying 860
Sharing the Bedtime Routine 861
Parent Sleep Deprivation 861
Daytime Nap Evolution 864
Getting the Most Out of Sleep 866
Dealing with Other Sleep Concerns 869
Putting Sleep in Perspective 869
Appendix 871
Index 891
Customer Reviews
